I have such a situation. Windows 7 x64 SP1, without updates. I tried to put VS17 and VS19. I start the VS_COMMUNITY.EXE installer, he says that before starting, you need to configure something. Downloads 70MB from the Internet, something for a minute installs and simply closes. In the Task Manager, nothing belonging to the VS installation remains. % Temp% writes small logs of which it can be seen that the installer worked without errors.
In folder C: \ Program Files (x86) \ Microsoft Visual Studio \ Installer \ appears file vs_instalrshell.exe, if you run it, the Visual Studio Installer window opens, which writes that you do not have anything and offers to re-download the vs_community.exe file .

Answer 1, Authority 100%

means so that Visual Installer would earn it requires that Windows would upload KB2919355, KB2932046, KB2959977, KB2937592, KB2938439, KB2934018 Such updates and in this order
I decided to simply turn on the update and put the computer on the night, in the morning I woke up rebooted the computer and everything works! Answer: Download the initial updates Win7.

Answer 2, Authority 100%

I had the same thing, he did not even start her mistake, despite the fact that all the latest updates were. Rolled back for 2 months – still the same problem. Helped reinstall .NET Runtime and Visual C++ 15-19 Redistributable.

p.s. As a result, after a week after installation, an installer V 2.9.3365 opened – it strokes without an error in general, but at least starts. I tried to do as here – does not help